MORTON V. RUIZ
415 U.S. 199 (1974)
NATURE OF THE CASE: This was a dispute over classification of Indians between those who
live on or off the reservation. Morton (D) appealed a reversal of its summary judgment given
by the District Court in Ruiz's (P) class action.
FACTS: Ruiz (P) and his wife were Papago Indians and U.S. citizens. In 1940, they left
the Papago Reservation and were employed at the Phelps Dodge copper mines 15 miles away.
They settled into the Indian Village there and lived there from 1940. A minor daughter lives
with them. They maintain a close tie to the reservation. In 1967, the mine where they worked
was shut down due to a strike and remained closed for nine months. P's sole income during
the strike was $15 per week paid by the union. P sought welfare assistance from Arizona but
was denied because striking workers were not entitled to such assistance. P then applied for
general assistance through the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). They refused the application
because P was not living on the reservation. A class action was instituted against the
Secretary. The District Court gave summary judgment to the Secretary. The Court of Appeals
reversed; the on reservation interpretation for benefits was inconsistent with the broad
language of the Snyder Act.
ISSUE:
RULE OF LAW:
HOLDING AND DECISION:
LEGAL ANALYSIS:
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