UNITED STATES V. GANIER
468 F.3d 920 (6th Cir. 2006)
NATURE OF THE CASE: P sought review of a decision that excluded evidence from Ganier's
(D) criminal trial because it did not provide a written summary of the proposed testimony of
a government computer specialist as was allegedly required by Fed. R. Crim. P. 16(a)(1)(G).
FACTS: D was CEO, Chairman of the Board, a shareholder, and a founder of Education
Networks of America, Inc. ('ENA'). D was linked with certain high-ranking Tennessee
officials, and John Stamps, a lobbyist for ENA over allegations of improprieties and
favoritism in connection with contracts awarded to ENA by the State of Tennessee and
solicitations of Tennessee and Texas officials for additional contracts. A federal grand
jury began an investigation in September 2002. In December 2002, after the grand jury issued
subpoenas on various companies and state agencies, D allegedly attempted to implement an
email 'retention' policy at ENA in which employees' emails would be set to delete after six
months, deleted files relevant to the ongoing investigation from his laptop computer,
deleted relevant files from his desktop computer, and deleted relevant files from an ENA
employee's computer. D was indicted on one count of endeavoring to obstruct justice and
three counts of altering, destroying, or concealing documents with intent to impede a
federal investigation, and the case proceeded towards trial. D filed a summary of expected
expert testimony on June 17, 2005, in which he indicated that he would offer evidence that
the files in question were transferred to the recycle bin rather than deleted, and that
approximately 225 duplicates and similar drafts of the allegedly deleted documents remained
on the computers. P's forensic computer specialist, Special Agent Wallace Drueck of the IRS,
decided to use forensic software to determine what searches were run on the three computers.
The day before the date set for trial, Drueck determined from reports generated by the
forensic software that searches had been run in December 2002 using search terms relevant to
the grand jury investigation and the allegedly deleted files. The next morning, before the
jury was impaneled, D filed a motion to exclude the reports and related testimony, which the
district court granted. The government timely appealed, and the district court stayed the
trial pending the appeal.
ISSUE:
RULE OF LAW:
HOLDING AND DECISION:
LEGAL ANALYSIS:
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